GI ToolsGastroenterology and hepatology

Forrest classification

The Forrest classification describes a bleeding peptic ulcer at endoscopy and guides whether endoscopic haemostasis is needed.

Appearance of the ulcer

Enter the values above.

References

Forrest JA, Finlayson ND, Shearman DJ. Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. Lancet. 1974;2(7877):394-397.

Laine L, Peterson WL. Bleeding peptic ulcer. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(11):717-727.

Gralnek IM, Stanley AJ, Morris AJ, et al. Endoscopic diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH): ESGE Guideline – Update 2021. Endoscopy. 2021;53(3):300-332.