GI ToolsGastroenterology and hepatology

GALAD score

GALAD combines gender, age and three serum biomarkers to estimate the probability of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease. It is used alongside, not instead of, ultrasound surveillance.

Sex
Results

In ng/mL. If your laboratory reports kIU/L (IU/mL), multiply by 1.21.

The model uses ng/mL. Results in mAU/mL from other assays are not directly interchangeable.

Enter the values above.

How it is worked out

Z = −10.08 + 0.09 × age + 1.67 × male sex + 2.34 × log₁₀ AFP + 0.04 × AFP-L3 (%) + 1.33 × log₁₀ DCP. Probability = eZ ÷ (1 + eZ). The original cut-off is −0.63; later studies have proposed others.

Reference

Johnson PJ, Pirrie SJ, Cox TF, et al. The detection of hepatocellular carcinoma using a prospectively developed and validated model based on serological biomarkers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23(1):144-153.